Publication database
| 2014 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| 2015 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| №4 |
| 2016 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| №4 |
| 2017 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| №4 |
| 2018 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| №4 |
| 2019 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
| №3 |
| №4 |
| 2020 |
| №1 |
| №2 |
ACADEMIC SPECIALIZATIONS SECTION
Technical Sciences
Philological Sciences
Pedagogical Sciences
HEADINGS SECTION
A word to the readers
Actual issues of vocational pedagogy
- Efficiency of mastering basic mathematics at the university of railway transport
- Library and information activity as a direction of training of masters for the library industry
- About usefulness of applying of distence learning in additional professional education
- The use of the case method in the process of the discipline "Management" teaching to the secondary vocational education students
- Development and use of exercise machines for welders’ training
- Autumn school "Сritical understanding of history – the strengthening of democracy" in Germany
- The problem of professional image as the object of scientific research
- On the improvement of the system of further education
- Organization of work with young people: current trends in development, enriching and expanding educational content and strengthening image support (by means of the example of taganrog institute named after A.P. Chekhov, branch of the Rostov state university of economics, Russian federation)
- Pecularities of person-centered approach to students support at the stage of adaptation in new educational environment
Actual problems of education
- Fostering conscious discipline among students in the process of implementing additional general development dance education program "School of modern dance “Edelweiss”»
- The role of ecology of sound in musical education
- The content and forms of education of moral culture in the work of the school museum
- The theory of moral education of schoolchildren
- The role of modern family in the formation of personality
- Role of civil and patriotic education of students in multiethnic and multicultural environment of high school
- Spiritual potential as the basis for professional and pedagogical development of supervising teachers
- Cultural values and personality formation
- Justification of the model of students’ civil activity formation in university education
- A moral example of a teacher as a bearer of peace and tolerance ideas
Actual problems of languages and cultures of Far East countries
- The reflection of cultural specificities and differences in the interpretations of chinese basic characters
- On the transformation and development of chinese international education under the "Belt and road" initiative
- Mistakes of russian students learning chinese pronunciation and possible solutions
- Gender features in the formation of chinese characters
- Translinguographic translation as a method of the expert translation (basing on the translations of "Shan Hai jing" and "Erya")
- V. P. Vasilyev’s ideas about the Chinese character classification
Aeromechanics and durability
Aeronautics
- Preliminary assessment of tracking the autopilot signals by the active controls on a civil aircraft
- Circulation-vortex method of activating the wing thrust over the underlying surface
- Automation of verifying the electronic display systems of modern and advanced objects of civil aviation
- Architecture of the head-up display system for advanced civil airplanes
- The assessment of positioning error characteristics of combined GLONASS/GPS receivers
- Technology of manufacturing some elements of a combustion chamber with a lateral system of reverse current area formation
- Peculiarities of vortex interference of air intakes of gas-turbine power plants with the underlying surface
- Analysis of diagnostic techniques for aircraft aerometric systems with the use of data recorders
- Reduction –based increase of robustness of a neural-net model of gas-turbine engine monitoring
- A proposal to modernize the SSJ 100 onboard maintenance system
Air traffic monitoring and management systems
- Reduction of fuel consumption of outboard aircraft due to departure queue optimization
- A study of the accuracy of the definition of coordinates of air targets in satellite-pseudolite multipositional surveillance system
- Concerning the need and possibility of decreasing the human factor influences on flight safety
Air transport security
- One of the approaches to designing training for flight students based on the proficiency level and the performance of the flight task
- Application of fuzzy logic in the development of expert systems for the assessment of professional competence
- Evolution of account for human errors influence on collective work features and results
- Geo-heliomagnetic influence on a human body and air transportation safety
Aircraft, aircraft engines and methods of their operation
- Circulation-vortex method of activating the wing thrust over the underlying surface
- Technology of manufacturing some elements of a combustion chamber with a lateral system of reverse current area formation
- Peculiarities of vortex interference of air intakes of gas-turbine power plants with the underlying surface
- Reduction –based increase of robustness of a neural-net model of gas-turbine engine monitoring
- Improving the estimation procedure of the residual operation life of a bypass turbojet
- Influence of GTE rotor vibrations on technical condition of inter-shaft bearing
- Comparative analysis of a mathematical model of the turbine gas temperature sensor of the turbocharger of a helicopter gas-turbine engine based on regres-sion analysis and neural networks
- The influence of a crew information support level on safety flights
- Promising fasteners for aircraft structures of carbon composites
- Use of Pareto chart for developing recommendations on aircraft reliability
Area studies and Asian studies
At the crossroad of opinions
- State (municipal) social order – a new challenge for the expert community and authorities
- Modern communication channels in society life
- International transport corridor: ”Primorye-2” as a case of “the pacific development (razvorot) of Russia”: from projects to realities
- On the question of legal regulation in the sphere of information technologies
- The role of the educational system in the socio-economic development of Khabarovsk krai
- The new concept of the public policy to support families with preschool children
- New vocational-oriented education as a means of the youth’s migratory mood in the Far East
- Teacher-student relations
- Law education as a source of democratization in society
- Public activities of the university humanitary disciplines instructors: experience and significance
Attention: experience
- Coach preparation of athletes in pre-competition period
- Basics of coach work on educating athletes’ identity
- National and foreign experience of ensuring the safety of the educational environment
- Academic training, job training and pre-diploma practice: the place and role in the training of the future specialists in land and property relations
- Ebook as a form and product of the creative activity of the tandem «teacher-student (students)»
- The project-based learning as a strategy to unleash the students’ creative potential
- Strategic partnership between the university and aviation enterprises as a prerequisite of quality training of graduates
- From the experience of organization of students’ independent work using internet services
- The educational capacity of the mathematical olympiad in technical universities
- Environmental responsibility formation in studying primary general education (from experience)
Aviation radio communication, radiolocation, radio navigation and methods of their operation
- The automation systems of surveillance and control of aerodrome traffic and air traffic management based on ADS-B
- The influence of quasi-sinusoidal inhomogenuities on the characteristics of double- and three-hop ionospheric reflections
- Signal demodulation for the secondary radar channel of ADS–B system
- Hardware-software simulator for primary radar signals of the control radar
- Filtering of optical signals based on multi-layered structures
- Development of mathematical model of input action for the device support of the radiation source according to the movable radio finder
- Extraction of run-up signals in systems of information communication in VDL-2 mode
- Stages of formation and development of aeronautical radionavigation scientific school of MSTU CA, Irkutsk branch
- Precision of the secondary processing algorithm of navigation signals of the global navigation satellite system based on rho-rho navigation-doppler extended Kalman filter
- Concerning a new possibility of increasing the positioning accuracy in single-frequency equipment of satellite radio navigation systems
Avionics, aircraft electrical systems, aircraft navigation complexes and methods for their exploitation
- Preliminary assessment of tracking the autopilot signals by the active controls on a civil aircraft
- Automation of verifying the electronic display systems of modern and advanced objects of civil aviation
- Architecture of the head-up display system for advanced civil airplanes
- The assessment of positioning error characteristics of combined GLONASS/GPS receivers
- Analysis of diagnostic techniques for aircraft aerometric systems with the use of data recorders
- A proposal to modernize the SSJ 100 onboard maintenance system
- The helicopter cockpit training simulator of MI-8t based on the aircraft simulator
- Analysis of the influence of aerometric instruments and pitot – static probes faults on flight safety
- Stochastic discrete mathematical model of aerometric instrumentation control by data of flight recorders
- The gyro stabilization of the unmanned aircraft platform for aerial photography and video surveillance
Bilingualism and bilingual education
- The acquisition of subject-verb agreement by english language learners: the case of third-person singular –s
- Teaching professional communication at the elementary level of Russian as a foreign language at medical university
- Folk art as a means of development and conservation of native (Buryat) language on the territory of Ust-Ordinskiy Buryat district in Irkutsk region
- Linguistic peculiarities of macaronic songs of Germans from Russia
- Ways of Buryat language preservation in the modern sprachraum of Baikal region
- Verbal communication culture of the modern youth (based on the study of Kazakh phraseological units)
- Bilingual teaching as a way of adaptation and training of migrant pupils in Russian-speaking environment
Communication processes in professional activity
Comparative Pedagogics
- Organizational-pedagogical conditions of readiness of teachers in rural schools of Kyrgyzstan to implement the state educational standards of new generation
- The implementation of an innovative approach to education in the Kyrgyz republic
- Protective inhibition of intellectual potential of students when learning new educational materials
- Experience of vocational guidance work in the People's Republic of China: teachers only open doors, further you go
- Stages of Mary Richmond’s professional life in the context of socio-historical dynamics
- “Necessary” and “sufficient” conditions providing competence-based learning of Kyrgyzstan’s pupils
- The motive force of independent cognitive process of pupils
- Application of the Mary Richmond's concept to practice of professional education of social workers in the USA
- Professionalization of social work in the United States
- The professional pedagogical education in Belgium
Conference proceedings
- The gyro stabilization of the unmanned aircraft platform for aerial photography and video surveillance
- A rotor in the field of the daily rotation of the Earth
- Vortex conversion with varying height of an air intake above the underlying terrain
- Test diagnostics of the windings of electrical machines using the travelling-wave method
- Is patriotic education by words, actions and examples?
- Military aviation personnel training: historiographic review of literature on the topic published in the period from 1910 to 1991
- Transmission of information and communication as a human factor crucial in aircraft maintenance
- Gradation as a semantic-syntactical means of sentence organization
- The influence of cylindrical site extent in the nozzle’s minimum section on discharge coefficient
- Increase of efficiency of airdrome traffic control on the base of receiving the differential corrections by mobile aerodrome vehicles
Congratulations
Culture. Traditions
Culturology
- The images of the rootless In «provincial sketches» by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
- Ballet As Art And Lingvoculturology Sign : History And Development
- M. E. Saltykov-Shсhedrin on the enlightenment function of literature
- On the proverbial picture of the world
- On fairy-tales view of the world
- Thesis, antithesis and synthesis in Alexander Blok’s poetry
- Name as a symbol of individuality
- Bipolar mindset in Herman Hesse’s «Health-resort visitor»
- Modern club youth subcultures
- Six ways to man according to A. M. Gorky
Dialectology
Discourse and Text: vectors of research
- Hypnotic metaphor as an effective lexical tool in professional business discourse
- Functional aspects of verbs of communication in the discourse of modern english drama
- Personality representation in oral academic discourse
- Structural cohesionand linguo-stylistical peculiarities of its manifestation in the short story «The Gate of the Hudred Sorrows» by R. Kipling
- The image of Russia in novel of Henri Troyat «Alesha»
- Modern german literary fairy tale: theme dynamic and dominant linguistic features
- The components of nonverbal communication in the artistic discourse of the russian german writers
- Listener’s discourse in music reviews
- New trends in the vocabulary of administrative and political discourse
- Features of language of comments on performances of German satirists
Economics
Education Management
- Education quality control within secondary vocational education: from theory to practice (by work experience of GBPOU IO IKATIDS)
- To the matter of the nature of conflict competence of the head of an educational institution as a part of moral and legal culture
- Motivation of personal and professional teacher’s self-development as a resource of implementation of general education FSCS
Education of children with disabilities
Education psychology
Environmental conservation
Environmental safety of air transportation
Ethnolinguistics
- Heroes in the national epic of Finland «Kalevala»
- National and cultural genre specificity in professional communication
- Regional language unions associations in german-speaking areal as a result of the discursive interaction of national varieties
- Totemism and suggestion in the words of obituaries and condolences
Events
- Pedagogical support of social competence development of adolescents with gift-edness demonstration
- Formative assessment technology as a means of quality assurance of school students’ individual learning success achievements
- University informational and educational environment as a factor of future teacher’s media competence formation
Farm-oriented education as a sustainable country development in the Irkutsk region
- School social partnership and board of guardians as a means of pre-professional students education for entrepreneurial activity in the conditions of agribusiness
- Agrobusiness-competence of the personality in rural territories of the Irkutsk region (to statement of the problem)
- Farm-oriented school as a condition for the individual efficiency formation
- Farm-oriented education as a sustainable country development in the Irkutsk region
- Farm-oriented education as a condition of a country sustainable development
First steps in Science
- The french encyclopedia Le petit larousse des enfants de 0 a 3 ans as a social demanded genre
- Analysis of ergonyms of women's clothing stores in Kirov
- Language features of drug slogans
- Communication strategies of digital tourism discourse (on the example of the site Office du tourisme de valais)
- The case name Pierre Larousse in French Publishing Literature
- The research of french website of greeting cards Dromadaire
- The usage of distance technologies in teaching English grammar on the base of the educational platform Sakai
- Characteristics of socially dangerous youth subcultures
- Paradoxical nature of communicative failure as the key to communicative success (based on author's TV programs)
- The monuments of cultural heritage of France and their representation in the printed guide
Folkloristics
General Linguistics
- Studying the buryat heroic epic “Geser” at school
- On the issue of differentiation between-the concepts "term" and "pre-term" (on the material of german terminology used in the field of dialectology)
- The problems of morality in the works of D. Sultimov (comment on the book "Sagay erkhe" ‘Dictates of time’)
- The problem of the relationship between the younger and older generations in the novel by D. Sultimov «Sagai erhe ‘The call of the time’»
- Stylistic functions of comparative constructions in poetry of Dondok Ulzytuev
- Linguo-personal hypothesis of the language
- Noutions and categories of functional grammar
- Two epochs in the language evolution
- To the theory of glottogenesis: Johann Herder
- The problem of glottogenesis in the universal evolution philosophy
Glottogenesis
History: Golden pages
- Alexander Ivanovich Dulov
- The meetings which were lessons and fortune (in Krasnoyarsk)
- Going through Alexander Dulov's books. To the centenary of birth
- A. I. Dulov’s pedagogics in the light of our time realities. Philosophical reportage (2001)
- Does the heart forget it? (the 100th anniversary of the birth of Alexander Ivanovich Dulov)
- To the issue of the moral heritage of A. I. Dulov
- Coadaptation approach in modern professional education
- A teacher is a person who inspires everything in your life... To the centenary of scientist-and-educator's birth
- Teacher's soul. In memory of ISLU professor Valentina Aleksandrovna Sherstenikina
- История перевода одного стихотворения
History of Pedagogy and Education
- «New» education methods at private schools of Irkutsk in the early 20th century
- The problem of valued attitude to pedagogical activity in works by N. A. Dobroliubov
- Stages of development of law education in Russia
- From the history of Irkutsk pre-revolutionary private education (in the end of the XVIII – beginning of the XX century)
- Teacher of Irkutsk province (second half of XIX – early XX centuries)
Humanitarian teaching problems
- Monday begins on Saturday: methodologies of Soviet pedagogics oriented on the day after tomorrow
- Sociocultural factors influence on the contemporary literary education
- The techniques of the epic literature analysis while preparation senior school students for a literature contest (based on the I. Shmelev’s story «Russkaya pesnya»)
- The Russian language study in a modern school in the historical aspect
- «Nonlinear knowledge» work activation as a motivation aspect of the modern lesson
Hygienics, education, health
- Complex assessment of sanitary and hygienic indicators of educational institutions and health condition of students
- Qigong as a factor of health improvement of people of gerontological age
- Informatization as a factor of mental capacity change in preschoolers
- Aspects of the informational and psychological textbook safety at school: readability and simplicity
- Unified assessment of sanytary-hygienic indicators of educational institutions and students’ health
- Study of psychoactive substance use as a risk factor of students’ health
- Society informatization as a socio-hygienic factor of "fundamental civilizational shift" formation
Information technology and training resources
Innovative processes in modern education
- Explicated social and teaching practices in educational activity of a technical university
- Axiological perspective as a constituent of educational environment project
- Automated information systems in the innovation activities of the university
- Organizational and pedagogical conditions of school library activities on the legal education of students
- Interaction between person-centered educational process participants
- Card of knowledge as a tool of educational quality increase
- Design of education in the humanities: some aspects of the problem
- The formation of the educational and informational base in Bratsk municipality
- Innovational activity as one of the conditions of development of an establish of children’s additional education: the chronology of events
Introducing the scientist
Irkutsk region teachers and educators present
- The use of the student-centered approach in teaching of the six-string guitar playing
- An additional general enrichment sport-oriented program «A way to perfection»
- Organization of pupils’ free work by means of new information and telecommunication technologies
- Interchangeable parts, components and mechanisms
- Baikal Peredelkino
- Multimedia as a means of students’ cognitive activity improvement
- Specific features of the lesson planning by means of the system-active approach and the process of students’ universal learning activities formation
- Effect of computer for life and health of pupils
- Factors determining the success rate of teens’ moral values development
- Speaking Russian!
Issues of andragogy
Issues of cognitive linguistics
Issues of English conceptology
Issues of philosophy
- Friedrich Nietzsche on the will to life as the will to power
- Historical portraying of the concept «personality»
- The world as being and ideology
- Reflections on the existential "nothing" in a person's life
- Reflections about dialectics of conscience as moral value of an individual and society
- Time philosophy in its diachronism
Issues of subject-oriented teaching
Issues of the theory and practice of journalism
Issues, prospects of development and application of unmanned aircraft systems
Library Science, Bibliography and Book Science
- Mobile reading phenomenon: key features
- Personal bibliographic indexes of the national library «P. R. Slaveikov» (Veliko Tarnovo) (started at the 21st century): comparative analysis
- Problems of digitization of cultural heritage in the regional libraries of Bulgaria: results of a questionnaire survey
Linguistics
- The role of grammatical means in the creation of the image of Joan of Arc by Charles Péguy
- Semantic neologisms in the english language
- Semantic-structural organization of paired designations (on material of the modern german language)
- The cognitive-matrix analysis of compounds (by the case of the words with BROT AS 2 IC)
- On the issue of phraseological etymology (on the example of the phraseological unit «die Flötentöne beibringen»)
- Modeling method in word formation (on the base of compound words with a component Familie)
- Cognitive aspect of word order
- Language and cultural identity: axiological aspect
- The Leipzig-Jakarta list of the Turkic languages as a source of the interdisciplinary comprehensive studies
- Implicit meanings in a communicative triade: epistemic aspect
Linguoculturology
Literary Criticism
Methodology and theory of pedagogy
- Variants of impersonal poetics as basis of the lyric narration by Irina Astakhova
- "Contemplation" and "experience": analysis of the ideological content of O. I. Dymov's story "Vestal" as a reflection of A. Schopenhauer’s views on representation and truth
- Poetics of accidentality and tragicalness in Dina Rubina’s short stories
- Narrative strategies in modern literature as a way of extending the horizon of meaning
- Word-forming analysis of russian professional jargon of IT-specialists
- Psychodrama techniques in lyrical satire by M. Tsvetaeva «Pied piper»
- Questions of study of the west european epistolograhy of the seventeenth century
Mongolian Studies
- Studying the buryat heroic epic “Geser” at school
- The problems of morality in the works of D. Sultimov (comment on the book "Sagay erkhe" ‘Dictates of time’)
- The problem of the relationship between the younger and older generations in the novel by D. Sultimov «Sagai erhe ‘The call of the time’»
- Stylistic functions of comparative constructions in poetry of Dondok Ulzytuev
- Methodical bases of the formation of primary school pupils’ communicative competence in the Buryat language
- Functions of the phraseological units in dramatic texts (based on the B. P. Purbuev’s plays)
- Field research of Mongolian Buryats dialects
- To the history of Buryat dialects studying
Nursery school: theory and practice
- Russian science citation index as a platform for the relationship between the theory and practice of environmental education for children of preschool age
- Professional competence of the teacher in interacting with children
- The problem of early age children adaptation to conditions of the kindergarten
- Development of children’s self-actualization at pre- and primary school
Pages of History
- The historical experience of women's councils in the Angara region (1960-1990-ies)
- Organization and procedure of recruiting in the air force educational establishments of the USSR in the twenties of the XX century
- Demographiс proсesses in Eastern Siberia in the period of 1960-1980s.
- Competition that did not live up to expectations
- Women in the Irkutsk authority structures in the second half of the twentieth century
Personality and media: humanitarian studies in media education
- Experience of organizing a master-class cycle on the development of inter-ethnic tolerance of youth with the help of media education means
- Social media's impact on the values of upper school students
- Coronavirus as a source of media manipulation
- Media education in Russia: current trends (2018-2020)
- Interethnic tolerance as a factor of information security of the young generation: media educational aspect of the problem
- History of media education in Russia
- Media education vectors in the CIS countries: forecast for the future
- The role of media education in the training of political technologists: the experience of southern federal university
- Media-educational model based on the material of television of perestroika period in the USSR
- Prerequisites for reforming the educational system in the USSR perestroika period
Primary education: theory and practice
- Teaching expressive reading of lyric poems to young learners at literary reading lessons in primary school
- Criteria of literary development and levels of perception of art work by junior schoolchildren
- On the literary development of young school-age children at literary reading lessons in the buryat language
- The role of folk literature in the literary development of primary school children
- The development of speech of younger schoolchildren by means of the native lexical (Buryat) folklore
- Psychological features of folklore study by primary school children
Problems and practice of technical education
- Procedure trainer as an element of the didactic arsenal of case-method
- Speller electronic simulation and information resource for airbus maintenance training
- SPELLER-TSM electronic simulator for troubleshooting of A320 equipment
- Methodical aspects of computer technologies in knowledge self-control organization
Problems of linguodidactics
- Linguodidactic potential of creolized texts
- The peculiarities of speaking teaching at foreign language (Italian language) lessons in the 9th form of the comprehensive school
- Using brititshcouncil materials for teaching college students reading in English: work experience
- Interaction between a foreign and native languages in the process of teaching English grammar
- Time for change in foreign language education: problems and solutions
Psychological and pedagogical follow-up of learning activity in modern education
- Diagnostics of leading sensory and perceptual modality of senior pre-school children with mental retardation
- Nerve-psychological development of deprived young children with central nerve system damage and correction of retardation
- The connection between the features of polymodal perception in the primary school age with the development of digraphia errors in writing
- About features of intellectual development of primary schoolchildren
- Peculiarities of deprived junior schoolchild’s connected speech
- The role of multimodal perception in speech development in children
- Professionalisation of an instructor teaching psychology of social interaction at technical university
- A model of development of future teachers’ cross-cultural communication in a system of higher professional education
- The structure of the multimodal perception of preschool children with general speech underdevelopment
Psychological practice-oriented fields
Reviews
Semiotics
Sociological research
State and law
Text analysis
- The role of grammatical means in the creation of the image of Joan of Arc by Charles Péguy
- Linguistic status of cohesion and its interaction with other text categories
- Interview as a way to promote a product
- Text genres of advertising and criteria of success
- Logical disorientation as a means of linguistic manipulation in mass media
- Cradle songs for adults
- Linguistic analysis of the literary text
Theolinguistics
Theoretical and practical issues of foreign languages teaching
- About some specifics of teaching russian as a foreign language to adults in non-formal education
- Linguistic and cultural knowledge of the educational organizations of the Russian ministry of internal affairs cadets
- Reading and writing for critical thinking at the english lessons at a technical higher education establishment
- Internet technology opportunities in the formation of media competence of the secondary language personality in the process of learning a foreign language at college
- Innovative approach in the system of foreign language education
- The application of the contrastive analysis in teaching Russian-English translation to the students of the Asian-Pacific region
- Practice of using communicative approach in teaching Russian as a foreign language
- An ecological approach in linguodidactics of professional education
- Some aspects of creative thinking development in the process of foreign language teaching
- E-learning strategies in German studies: didactic potential and prospects of German language introductory phonetic course development
Translation Theory and Practice
Transport
- Problems of civil aviation aircraft maintenance processes in expected operating conditions
- Necessity for regional aviation development in Russia
- Analysis of the existing networks of operational communication system and their efficient development based on ip technology
- The issue of thermal renovation of infrastructure of railway transport is evaluated
- Concerning the efficiency of using the 3vl80s electric locomotives on the Kattakurgan – Navoi district of «Uzbekiston railways» jsc
- Study of the operation of the 3te10m diesel locomotives on the Kattakurgan – Navoi district of «Uzbekiston temir railways» jsc
- The research of screeners’ visual searching for prohibited items with the use of eye-tracking technology
- Transportation work effectiveness analysis of the 3te10m diesel locomotives on the Kattakurgan – Navoi road section of uzbek railway
- The evaluation of transportation efficiency of the 3vl80s electric locomotives on the uzbek railway district Kattakurgan – Navoi
- Features of the modern stage of airport air service development
Use of innovative educational technologies in a technical university
- Is patriotic education by words, actions and examples?
- Military aviation personnel training: historiographic review of literature on the topic published in the period from 1910 to 1991
- Transmission of information and communication as a human factor crucial in aircraft maintenance
- Gradation as a semantic-syntactical means of sentence organization