The concept of maintaining a high level of flight safety in civil aviation implies reducing the total number of aviation incidents and accidents on commercial flights due to technical malfunctions of the aircraft. Today, minimizing the human factor in the field of aircraft maintenance and repair, as well as system failures, can be achieved by implementing machine learning in specialized programs for flight information processing units. This article is devoted to the improvement of the flight information department's program through the implementation of software, which, in turn, will accelerate the process of finding and preventing defects by testing the state of the aircraft related systems. To verify the proposed method, the article calculates statistical flight safety indicators. The calculation shows that for a Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, the probability of a certain number of flights being completed safely will increase from e⁻⁷⁷ to e⁻⁷⁵ . The results demonstrate an increase in the accident-free flight rate, which is a key objective of the implemented software.

Aircraft gas turbine engine bearings operate under challenging conditions due to high operating loads. Computational and theoretical studies of bearing characteristics are challenging due to the complexity of modeling and accounting for all these factors. This paper presents the results of a computational and experimental study of the thermal state of gas turbine engine bearings. A description of the experimental setup is provided, including the test object – a roller bearing – a system for transmitting torque to the bearing’s inner race, and a measurement and recording system. The experimental methodology and data processing methods are based on the ZetLab measurement system. An analysis of the causes of increased bearing temperature under operating conditions and the influence of vibration levels on the characteristics of oil flow to the bearing is provided.

The article presents the results of a study that can be used in the development of technical specifications for the power plant of a supersonic civil aircraft. The proposed solutions are based on existing technology and proven designs, eliminating the need to create engines with complex configurations. A cruise engine for an aircraft designed to carry 20 passengers at a range of up to 10,000 km while flying at an altitude of 20 km at a speed of 2,500 km/h is being considered. A method for analyzing the layout schemes and basic thermodynamic parameters of a gas turbine engine, including the total pressure ratio and the bypass ratio, is described. The key flight modes are analyzed – takeoff, climb, cruise mode and descent, which made it possible to objectively assess the thrust and economic characteristics of a civilian aircraft installation, unlike existing analogues for multi-mode military supersonic aircraft. The data obtained make it possible to form requirements for the design of the engine and evaluate its operational properties. The choice of a turbofan engine layout with a mixing chamber ensures high manufacturability, reduces noise and harmful emissions, and improves flight safety.

Thermal protective coatings are used to protect the blades of gas turbines and are designed to extend their service life or increase the temperature of the gas in front of the turbine, and, consequently, efficiency. As a rule, a heat-protective coating consists of several layers, during operation, the structure and composition of which change due to the processes occurring in them, namely, oxidation of the metal layer and diffusion of its elements into the alloy, as well as sintering of the ceramic layer. As a result, the properties of each layer change. These changes, combined with applied external loads, can lead to cracks at the interface between the binder coating and the ceramic, and the ceramic layer may eventually break off. In addition to this internal degradation, interaction with the environment can accelerate the destruction of the coating. This article discusses the phenomena that occur in heat-protective coatings at high temperatures, and describes the mechanisms of their destruction with illustrations, the results of laboratory tests and the choice of a heat-protective coating option. The issues of durability of thermal protective coatings and technical approaches to their improvement are considered.

The article presents the first comprehensive historical and regulatory study in historiography dedicated to the genesis and evolution of the Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) concept in domestic civil aviation. The objective of the study is to reconstruct the process of forming the national equivalent of the international Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) and Minimum Equipment List (MEL) systems – MMEL and MEL. Based on a critical analysis of sources, including operational documentation (Flight Crew Operational Manual (FCOM)), regulatory acts (Engineering Aviation Service Manual, Aircraft Technical Operation Manual, Aviation Equipment Technical Operation and Repair Manual, Airworthiness Standards of Civil Aircraft (ASCA) and orders of regulatory bodies (Main Administration of the Civil Air Fleet, Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation), the following stages in the history of the MMEL concept development are considered: the stage of precedent regulation in the 1960s, the stage of integrating international standards and certification in the 1970s, the stage of harmonization of international standards and the creation of USSR State standard specification MEL in the 1980s and the stage of transformation and adaptation under the conditions of systemic transition in the 1990s. The research results demonstrate a consistent evolution from a non-standard "Special сases" procedure to the formation of a codified and scientifically based regulatory system of continued airworthiness integrating with international ICAO standards. Particular attention is paid to the key type-dependent Lists of this evolution: the first limited List of Permissible Failures and Malfunctions for the Il-14 (1963), the first limited Minimum Equipment List for the Il-86 (1980), the first extended List of Permissible Failures for the Tu-154M (1983) and the first complete Minimum Equipment List for the Il-96-300 (1992). As part of the research program, the next publication will be devoted to the analysis of the current stages of the MMEL development in the Russian Federation since the early 2000s.

The article addresses the problem of professional skill regression among air traffic controllers in the context of implementing highly automated systems. Automation, while reducing workload in normal operations, leads to a loss of practical experience and diminished readiness for abnormal situations. The study is based on the developed mathematical model of skill regression that accounts for the degree to which skills are substituted by technology. Using this model and an assessment of the automation level, a targeted skill maintenance methodology is proposed to solve the problem. Its key element is an adaptive simulator training program. Exercise scenarios are generated based on model data and include practicing basic control, responding to automation failures, and developing situational awareness in a hybrid human‑machine environment. The methodology ensures not only the preservation but the active development of competencies critical to flight safety, offering a scientific approach to building a continuous training system for controllers in automated environments. Unlike traditional approaches, the proposed methodology shifts the focus from periodic skill checks to continuous dynamic development. It not only counteracts regression but also fosters a deep understanding of the automated system’s logic within the controller, which is fundamentally important for preserving the human role as the key link responsible for safety. Thus, this work contributes to the creation of a sustainable and reliable ergatic system where technological progress does not weaken but purposefully enhances the professional potential of the specialist.

This article is devoted to the improvement of public urban transport. The paper presents a methodology for selecting the best locations for public passenger transport stops using the AnyLogistix and Vissim software tools.

The topic of the work is relevant, as it aims to improve the infrastructure of urban passenger transport, reduce traffic congestion, and use software for big data calculations in the field of public transport. The relevance of the study is due to the rapid growth of cities and the need to optimize transportation systems for the comfort and efficiency of population movement. The emergence of areas with high population density leads to traffic congestion, which exacerbates the need for the development of public transport and improving its efficiency. The methodology was tested on the example of the Duderhofskaya Line 3 residential complex (Saint Petersburg), which significantly reduced the time passengers spent walking to bus stops, reduced traffic congestion, and improved transport accessibility.

The article examines the second part of the Russian translation of Johann Georg Hamann’s Philologist’s Crusades and its significance for the study of the philosophy of language, hermeneutics, and theolinguistics. It analyses the principal works included in the concluding section of the collection, such as A Cloverleaf of Hellenistic Letters, Aesthetica in Nuce, Latin Exercise, the early poems, Memorial, and Hamann’s original index. Particular attention is paid to Hamann’s understanding of language as a medium of divine revelation, his critique of Enlightenment rationalism, and the interrelationship of philology, poetry, theology, and history. The paper substantiates the need for a new Russian translation based on an integrated approach combining translation studies with hermeneutic analysis, making it possible to preserve the semantic complexity of the original while rendering its numerous quotations and allusions accessible to modern readers. The study demonstrates that Hamann anticipated several fundamental ideas of contemporary theolinguistics and philosophical hermeneutics, highlighting the importance of this publication for further research in these fields.

The article is devoted to the study of graphic and stylistic features of the text of urban signage based on the outdoor advertising of Kaliningrad as a regional center with a unique historical and cultural identity. The subject of the research is the creolized texts of outdoor advertising, which represent the unity of verbal and non-verbal components functioning in the urban linguistic landscape. The paper analyzes font solutions, stylistic and compositional characteristics of signage in the context of the theory of local text and the semiotics of the place. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the synsemantic relations between the textual and pictorial parts of the signboard, which affect the perception and interpretation of the advertising message of the addressee. The study demonstrates that the graphic and stylistic features of signage reflect regional identity, language policy, and socio-cultural characteristics of urban space.

The results of the analysis make it possible to identify patterns of the use of graphic and stylistic techniques in the formation of a unified urban visual and communicative space, to determine the specifics of locally labeled elements in the representation of regional identity, as well as to establish the influence of graphic and stylistic solutions on the effectiveness of advertising impact on the target audience.

The work is of interest to specialists in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, cultural studies, graphic design and marketing.

This article examines the relationship between the concepts of polyphony and dialogism in modern linguistics. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of an unambiguous interpretation of these terms, as well as their active use in text analysis. The article aims to identify the specific features of the phenomena of polyphony and dialogism and determine the nature of their relationships. The work provides a comparative analysis of Bakhtin's concept of polyphony and dialogism, as well as its subsequent reinterpretation in the works of French and Scandinavian researchers, in particular, in the theory of O. Ducrot and the Scandinavian theory of ScaPoLine. Particular attention is paid to the delineation of these concepts, their functions, and their role in the formation of textual meaning. It is shown that, despite their close relationship, polyphony and dialogism are not synonymous: polyphony is viewed as a generic concept reflecting the structural and semantic organization of a text with multiple points of view, while dialogism is viewed as a specific concept describing the principle of interaction between these points of view. It is concluded that these concepts exist in a hypo-hypernymous relationship and complement each other, creating a methodological basis for a comprehensive analysis of texts belonging to different types of discourse.

The paper presents an analysis of the onomasticon of the 19th-century institutional narrative based on the book History of Tufts College, 1854–1896. The study focuses on the mechanisms through which proper names construct institutional identity. In the theoretical section, we justify using the concept of ideologeme in relation to proper names: we view names and their accompanying explanatory constructions as units that consolidate institutional affiliation, social and hierarchical subordination, and mechanisms of collective memory. A comprehensive examination of naming patterns, visual presentation, and the institutional position of referents provides the basis for a typology in which we distinguish core proper names (anthroponyms and their constructions), peripheral proper names (ergonyms), and background proper names (oeconyms). We establish that the degree of onymic elaboration within the text correlates directly with the status of the name-bearer. Analyzing the narrative's onomasticon reveals that ergonyms function as symbols of the institution's belonging and identity; oeconyms organize the institutional space of the text. Our findings confirm that the examined onomasticon constructs a multilayered structure where each element participates in shaping institutional identity. The proposed model can serve as a framework for analyzing similar historical sources.

This paper examines the representation of the cultural code within the context of the “Self/Other” dichotomy, focusing on German and Russian folk crafts as depicted in German-language advertising discourse. The significance of the study is resulting from the need to understand the formation of cultural identity and to overcome stereotypes regarding the “Other” in the context of globalization. The paper identifies and describes the linguistic features used to characterize “native” and “foreign” crafts, compares the modes of representing German and Russian folk crafts, and highlights both shared, universal traits and distinctive, specific parameters inherent to each ethnic group. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that folk crafts represent a part of the cultural code of any ethnic group; the “craft-based” cultural code is represented through the vocabulary of this thematic group, and the analysis of its usage reveals that the verbal presentation of one’s own and others’ folk crafts in German-language advertising discourse serves as a means of defining the boundaries of ethnic identity.

The article presents the results of a functional-parametric analysis of English and Chinese phraseological units containing the components bite / 咬 (“to bite”). Significant semantic parallels are identified despite the differences between Chinese and English linguocultures. Most of these units describe personality traits—such as resilience, patience, courage, duplicity, cunning, and cowardice—as well as negative emotional states, including fear, pain, bitterness, anger, and helplessness. Their common foundation lies in universal somatic metaphors of biting as an expression of either aggression or self-restraint; however, some phraseological units reflect the cultural and historical specificity of each nation. For instance, Chinese idioms typically originate from classical literature and embody the ideals of Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, promoting resilience, patience, and modesty rather than the pursuit of wealth and luxury. In contrast, most English phraseological units have everyday, colloquial origins, although a small portion also derives from ancient sources, primarily the Bible. Overall, English idioms are less ideologically charged and tend to reflect everyday life experience, historical realities, and the worldview of the British people in the 19th–20th centuries.

The aim of the article is to develop and test the methodology of teaching the course “Academic writing and speaking (in a foreign language)” to Master’s students with different levels of French proficiency but who study in the same academic group. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to form academic foreign language competence in conditions of a limited number of study hours and high heterogeneity of academic groups. The article analyses theoretical approaches to teaching academic writing and speaking, examines the features of French academic discourse, and defines the principles of course content selection. The structure of the course implemented on the Sakai platform in a mixed format is described, as well as a set of digital tools aimed at supporting students with a low level of language proficiency. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the differentiated approach in the implementation of the course in a mixed format, which contributes to the achievement of the planned learning outcomes and the development of written and oral academic communication skills of Master’s students.

Educational literature, being essentially a teaching tool, is intended to form students’ representations of a particular field of scientific knowledge, including its categorical apparatus. The purpose of the article is to identify trends in the development of the categorical apparatus of social upbringing based on the analysis of educational and pedagogical literature covering the problems of social upbringing for the professional education of students. The educational literature on social upbringing is still limited and consists of twelve publications that are freely available. The first publication dates back to 2000. It is revealed that the holistic categorical apparatus in the published educational literature is based on the apparatus of the scientific school of A.V. Mudrik, which includes the main categories: individual pedagogical assistance, education, organization of social experience, educational organization, vital activity, organization and training of interaction, everyday life, socialization, social upbringing. This is due to its greater prevalence and universality. The categorical apparatus of social upbringing during the first quarter of the 21st century developed discretely, which was due to the historical nature of its development, which was due to the influence of the transformation of socio-cultural, political, and technological factors that influenced the sequence of changes and their meaningful characteristics.

This article presents a bibliometric and content analysis of Russian dissertation research in the field of media education for the period 2000-2025. The author examines the evolution of scholarly approaches, the dynamics of research activity, and the interdisciplinary structure of this field. It is found that the development of media education is characterized by a wave-like nature, with publication activity peaking in 2011-2015. This is due to the digitalization of education and the growing interest in developing media competence among media audiences. The dominance of pedagogical sciences is noted, with significant contributions from philology, philosophy, and cultural studies, which confirms the interdisciplinary nature of the field. A shift in research focus toward higher education and adolescent school-age target audiences is observed, with preschool and secondary vocational education underrepresented. The geographic distribution of dissertation research demonstrates the concentration of scholarly activity in metropolitan and large regional centers. The article also presents the transformation of media education practices: from the focus on traditional media to the predominance of the digital environment, internet communications, and integrative approaches to media education. The theoretical analysis revealed the persistent prevalence of sociocultural and cultural paradigms in media education while maintaining the traditional importance of practice-oriented research. It is concluded that media education is transitioning to a comprehensive interdisciplinary model aimed at developing media competence, critical thinking, and social responsibility in modern media environment.