Flight safety indicators in Russian civil aviation are presented against the backdrop of passenger turnover statistics for recent years. Based on an adverse aviation event statistics review, investigations into their causes, relevant scientific publications, and our own research, the following is stated. Along with the traditional causes of these events, spatial orientation disturbances and erroneous actions by experienced crews are observed in a significant number of cases.

It is revealed that certain hazard factors contributing to the development of illusions and human disorientation, leading to erroneous actions, remain understudied. These are environmental factors such as increased noise and sudden changes in the state of electromagnetic fields.

The article presents a review of kinetosis research, as a motion sickness, that is a reaction characterized by symptoms manifested by the autonomic nervous system. Attention is drawn to a new phenomenon: cybersickness, which affects a significant number of virtual reality users. This is especially relevant today given the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles controlled through head-mounted Human Mobile Devices.

To improve flight safety and reduce injuries in aviation and astronautics, the importance of alleviating the negative effects of motion sickness and cybersickness in aviation personnel has been demonstrated.

Above all, it is important to develop psychophysiological indicators for selecting operators and substantiate criteria for the operating conditions of various types equipment operators using virtual reality technology

The method is proposed for calculating a sector index of structural complexity of the air situation in area control center (ACC) sectors based on potential conflict situations generated by predictive conflict detection (MTCD) tools. The method uses a minimum set of MTCD attributes (type, predicted start/end times, sector affiliation of participants), aggregates events over a sliding forecast window of ΔT=20 minutes, and takes into account the varying significance of interaction geometries and the duration of the PCS presence within the window. The resulting index is determined as a weighted average of normalized horizontal and vertical components with saturation on a of 0–10 scale. Experimental testing was performed using MTCD data for three ACC sectors of the Unified Air Traffic Management Center (St. Petersburg); summary indicators and time profiles C_s(t) are presented

The issues of the layout of flight control actuators on a mainline aircraft are considered. The authors give classification of flight control actuators by power sources, technical solutions, types of executive hydraulic motor, methods of organizing control and regulation, types of power sources. Three types of flight control actuators are considered in detail according to the type of power source: with centralized power supply, with self-contained power supply and electric power supply. The main advantages and disadvantages of development and operation of autonomous flight control actuators are formulated. The basic circuit solutions of promising autonomous flight control actuators are considered. The authors present a universal scheme for the implementation of an autonomous flight control actuator with account for possible regulating and regulated variables of the automatic control system. Based on the analysis of the revealed disadvantages of an autonomous flight control actuator, the priorities for improving are determined. The controlled parameters have been identified and possible types of regulators for an autonomous flight control actuator that compensate for external influence have been proposed. A possible interpretation of an autonomous flight control actuator as an object of regulation is presented. As information signals, the authors propose to use hydro-mechanical compensatory devices, namely pressure and flow sensors in the cavities of the hydraulic motor working in conjunction with regulators of the following types: pressure (dynamic pressure), speed, power and load sensitivity (LS) ones. A mathematical model of a flight control actuator with a power regulator and simulation results are presented

The main objective of the work was to identify and investigate the direct and indirect causes of engine fan cowl separation on single-aisle aircraft of foreign and domestic manufacture during the takeoff roll and takeoff.

The paper examines the loss of turbofan engine fan cowl doors on single-aisle aircraft during the takeoff roll and initial climb as a systemic operational phenomenon arising from the interaction of design solutions, maintenance conditions, and human factors. It is established that the modern power plant layout, determined by the need to reduce the risk of ground-induced vortex formation and foreign object ingestion into the engine inlet, results in reduced clearance and degraded ergonomics of fan-cowl latch operations. In combination with maintenance-related errors and a range of operational circumstances, this increases the likelihood of omitting the fan-cowl closing/locking step and the subsequent cowl separation.

The paper also considers the effect of vortex flow at aircraft engine inlets and its influence on contemporary power plant layout on aircraft. A cause-and-effect relationship was identified between the current under-wing engine arrangement and, in some cases, the fan-cowl latches remaining unlocked during the takeoff roll on the runway.

To better understand the causes, conditions, and consequences of such events, a detailed review was conducted — based on the official investigation — of an incident involving separation of the left engine fan cowl doors on aircraft RA-89112 on 12 January 2020. The factors contributing to the incomplete execution of the fan-cowl closing procedure by maintenance personnel were analyzed and structured. In addition, brief information is provided on all fan-cowl separation incidents recorded in the operational history of the RRJ-95B aircraft.

To assess the criticality of this category of events, a risk-oriented approach was applied using the ARMS Event Risk Classification (ERC) matrix. The analysis and decomposition of the specific incident, together with the calculation results, showed that the effectiveness of the remaining preventive measures acting as barriers between the event and the most likely accident-related outcome is minimal; depending on circumstances, the consequence could range from a serious incident to, in an unfavorable scenario, a catastrophe.

The results of this study may be used to develop proposals aimed at strengthening technical and organizational-procedural prevention barriers, including improving elements of the Safety Management System (SMS), developing methods to enhance human-environment interaction (the SHELL model), and updating flight and maintenance operation manuals. Taken together, these measures can play a significant role in improving flight safety and increasing the efficiency of the aviation industry

The article examines the task of improving the operational planning method of the airline's fleet in conditions of instability of passenger demand and differentiation of the terms of leasing contracts. An analysis of existing approaches to fleet management was carried out and limitations of traditional planning models were identified that did not sufficiently take into account the stochastic nature of demand and differences in the structure of lease payments. Mathematical model of operational planning is proposed, based on application of elements of stochastic programming and scenario analysis. The model takes into account the fixed and variable components of lease payments, as well as the impact of demand instability on the efficiency of the fleet. A computational experiment was conducted based on the airline's model route network, which allows comparing the results of the basic approach and the proposed method. The results demonstrate that the use of the developed model can increase the efficiency of aircraft use and reduce the risk of underutilization of the fleet in the face of fluctuations in demand

The second part of the article examines the estimation of the distribution function of the total volumes of loading and unloading that did not pass the test for normal distribution (rejection of the null hypothesis). Time series are used as the main tool for processing statical data on incoming car traffic and forming predictive models. The dataset of incoming wagon flows data is being evaluated in order to identify the distribution law for further correct construction of predictive models.

In order to take into account, the trends observed in the data, a mixed distribution model is proposed for wagon flows following the Eastern railway polygon destination to the seaports of the Far East. In particular, the gamma-normal distribution, which is a favorable mixed distribution model. The study further improves the statistical data analysis process by introducing the use of the A-D-test in addition to the more traditional K-S-test. In the future, when building predictive models of carriage fluctuations using ARIMA- or GARCH-models, a correctly determined distribution type will accurately describe the model errors.  A number of recommendations have been formulated that expand the possibility of using parametric statistics in the process of analyzing data sets on changes in freight flows in railway transport

The article examines Johann Georg Hamann’s personality, philosophical ideas, and linguistic concept in the context of the first complete Russian translation of his major work Kreuzzüge des Philologen (“Crusades of the Philologist”, 1762). The study discusses Hamann’s biography, intellectual development, and relations with leading representatives of the German Enlightenment, particularly with Immanuel Kant and Johann Gottfried Herder. Special attention is paid to Hamann’s critique of Enlightenment rationalism, his understanding of language as a historical and spiritual phenomenon, and the role of biblical symbolism and intertextuality in his writings. The paper analyses the distinctive features of Hamann’s “macaronic” style, characterised by multilingual quotations, complex allusions, and philosophical irony. It also stresses the influence of Hamann’s ideas on the Sturm und Drang movement, German Romanticism, and the later development of hermeneutics and philosophy of language in genral. Furthermore, the article outlines the history of Russian scholarship and translations devoted to Hamann’s legacy. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in translating Crusades of the Philologist, which required extensive philological, philosophical, and theological interpretation. The article concludes that Hamann’s intellectual heritage remains highly significant for contemporary humanities and deserves further scholarly reception in Russian academic discourse.

The relevance of the present study is determined by its inclusion in the scholarly inquiry into the interpretive function of language through modus categories as formats of knowledge representation. The article establishes the modus status of the category of negative truth value as a means of secondary interpretation of knowledge in the language. It reveals the conceptual basis of the modus category under study as the interaction of the features “discrepancy between the content of a judgment and reality” and “negative communicative reaction of refutation.” The paper describes the structure, content, and interpretive potential of the modus of negative truth value. The means of expressing modal meanings of denying the truth of the content of a politician's primary discourse are systematized. The variability of the syntactic position of the modus of negative truth value is analyzed. The study highlights the interaction of truth assessment and ethical evaluation in the content of the modus of negative truth value. It also examines the pragmatic potential of the modus of negative truth value in the discursive implementation of political power

The article presents a comprehensive study of translation strategies for intertextual elements in audiovisual discourse, based on the "Deadpool" franchise. Intertextuality is considered as a system-forming mechanism of meaning construction, realized through film allusions, precedent names, meta-comments, and references to popular culture. The relevance of the research stems from the need for intercultural adaptation of culturally marked units in the context of media space globalization, as well as the increased complexity of rendering intertext in audiovisual translation, where the pragmatic potential of references directly depends on the congruence of the cognitive bases of the author and the recipient. The theoretical framework comprises concepts of intertextuality (J. Kristeva, M. Bakhtin), works on linguoculturology (V. V. Krasnykh), the theory of allusion translation (R. Leppihalme), the domestication vs. foreignization opposition (L. Venuti), the system of translation transformations (V. N. Komissarov), and R. Jakobson’s functional model, which enables the assessment of the preservation of informative, expressive, and metalinguistic functions. The research material consists of 6 intertextually marked fragments from the films "Deadpool" (2016), "Deadpool 2" (2018) and their official Russian dubbed versions (CPI Films studio). The analysis reveals the dominant translation strategies: direct preservation of intertext (calquing, foreignization) when the referent is highly recognizable, and adaptive substitution (compensation, domestication) in cases of low cultural transparency of the source. Special attention is paid to combined solutions demonstrating a differentiated approach to various types of intertextual elements within a single utterance. The study confirms that achieving communicative-pragmatic equivalence in intertext translation requires the translator not only to possess linguistic competence but also profound background knowledge and the ability for creative adaptation of cultural codes. The work contributes to the theory of audiovisual translation and can be used in teaching translation and localization of culturally saturated media texts

The article is devoted to the analysis of syntactic features of English-language commercial advertising. Using the example of advertising texts on various topics, the article shows the specifics of constructing an advertising message at the syntactic level. The research material consists of 450 advertising texts published in Cosmopolitan, Elle USA, Home Style, The Art of Design magazines and posted on the Internet. The article emphasizes the significant impact of advertising texts and the importance of their organization, both in terms of lexical content and syntax. Based on the results of the analysis of the linguistic material, the authors come to the following conclusions: 1) the syntax of the English-language advertising text, including those devoted to design and interior items, clothing and accessories, is an effective means of influencing the target audience; 2) the choice of syntactic techniques used in advertising texts varies and is determined by the intention of advertisers, as well as the properties of the product advertised; 3) the main syntactic characteristics of an English-language advertising text are: at the sentence level – declarative, imperative, interrogative sentences (by purpose of utterance); simple, compound, complex sentences (by structure); at the level of syntax-based devices: ellipsis, parcellation, parallel constructions, rhetorical questions

Against the backdrop of global demographic ageing, individuals who simultaneously provide care for elderly parents and support their own children (the "sandwich generation") – find themselves at the centre of socio-economic challenges. This study presents a comparative corpus analysis of media discourse aimed at identifying the linguistic mechanisms for representing the concept sandwich generation / 三明治一代 in English-speaking (USA, UK) and Chinese linguacultures. The objective is to demonstrate how linguistic means not only describe but also constitute the social experience of a generation bearing financial and emotional responsibility for both younger and older generations, thereby shaping culture-specific models for understanding this issue. The research is based on a specialised bilingual text corpus (approx. 450,000 tokens) and utilises corpus linguistics tools (Sketch Engine). The results reveal a contrast between the financial-pragmatic model of English-language discourse, which operates with collocations of managed stress and institutional solutions, and the normative-existential model of Chinese discourse, saturated with cultural codes, historical formulae, and idioms of total exhaustion. The study contributes to the fields of linguaculturology and discourse analysis by demonstrating how language shapes unique scenarios for perceiving a universal social phenomenon

The article presents a comparative analysis of onomastic strategies used by medical professionals in the Spanish and Russian-language segments of Telegram. The relevance of the study stems from the large number of medical channels and the lack of research addressing the nickname as a tool for a medical professional's onomastic self-identification in the digital environment. The material comprises 600 channels (300 Spanish, 300 Russian) selected according to the criteria of the authors' professional affiliation and the meaningfulness of the nickname. Based on a set of parameters – communicative intention, mode of nomination, reference, type of constructed identity, and degree of linguistic creativity – eight strategies are identified: personal, professional, characterological, playful/creative, metaphorical, spatial, emotionally-identifying, and manifestative. These parameters enable a systematic description of nicknames as a means of identity construction. Quantitative analysis reveals cultural differences: the professional strategy dominates in the Spanish segment (48%), whereas the personal strategy prevails in the Russian segment (36%). The characterological strategy proves universal (14% in both segments). Cases of collective professional identity expressed through homophonic nicknames are also recorded. The findings suggest that the nickname can be viewed as a means of onomastic self-identification, and the proposed typology may be applied in cross-cultural research on digital onomastics

This article examines the potential of digital textbooks as a tool for the digital transformation of language training in engineering education. The aim of the study is to evaluate their contribution to: 1) the development of thinking technologies and intrinsic motivation; 2) the development of digital skills and abilities; 3) the ability to solve professional problems in English using AI tools. The key didactic advantages of the digital format such as personalization, interactivity, and dynamic content updates are identified based on a comparative analysis and literature review. The integration of AI tools significantly increases student motivation, engagement, and cognitive activity, promoting the development of critical thinking and the creative use of language. The empirical basis was the testing of the multi-format manual "Creativity Navigator" (paper, digital, and gamified formats) in groups of B1-B2 students. The methods used were project activities, questionnaires (Likert scale), creative skills testing, analysis of reflective essays, and quantitative assessment of academic performance. The results confirmed the digital textbook's positive impact on the development of thinking, digital skills, and the ability to solve professional problems using AI. A conclusion was drawn about its transformative role, despite implementation barriers. The theoretical significance of the study lies in demonstrating the tool's effectiveness, and its practical significance lies in providing a model for optimizing education at engineering universities

The priority of the youth policy of the Russian Federation is to create conditions for the development, self-realization, and professional self-determination of young people. There is a need to form a theoretical basis for the "development of human capital" during university education. The study involved first-to third-year students (n=186) Tula State University (average age M=18.3; SD=1.1). It was assumed that the realization of the pedagogical potential of the courses "Technologies of self-organization and self-development of personality", "Time management and self-management"  for the formation of a culture of professional self-determination of the student is possible due to the allocation of a cultural component in the content of the course; the choice of technologies, forms, methods, teaching tools that ensure independent activity of students, strengthening their active role in mastering the basics of professional self-determination. The content of the concept of "culture of professional self-determination", the components of the culture of professional self-determination, the ways of its formation during the study of the courses "Technologies of self-organization and self-development of personality", "Time management and self-management" are determined. The results can be used in pedagogical practice in the process of studying this course and other humanities disciplines

The article examines the invariant component of higher education as a condition for future professional activity in the modern infosphere. The authors conclude that in recent decades, the approach to developing higher education content has become less effective due to the rapid obsolescence of applied professional knowledge.  In this regard, the need to strengthen the invariant foundation of educational content, understood as a combination of fundamental scientific laws, methodological principles, and professional and ethical standards. The proposed model of higher education content includes an invariant component that enables future professionals to objectively verify data and critically analyze professional information from various sources. The аrticle presents the survey results on the significance of the invariant component of higher education content. In the view of the authors, the invariant component makes it possible to critically evaluate and verify information, thus endowing future specialists with professional subjectivity. The study’s results offer valuable insights for creating next-generation educational programs geared towards producing highly competent professionals ready to operate efficiently in the current infosphere environment