History of the tutoring origin and its development in Russia

Abstract

The study of the world's pedagogical experience in the field of effective process of individualization of education, professional and personal self-development and self-improvement of students has proved that there is a need to provide them with pedagogical assistance and support. The article presents the results of formation and historical development of the concept of tutoring in the education system. The authors refer to the historical and theoretical description of the tutoring formation process, comparative analysis, summarizing and systematizing the existing facts about tutoring practice, borrowed from European education and increasingly applied in Russia. It is established that the forms and methods of teaching originate from the Middle Ages, when the first universities appeared in England, where students were given full freedom to choose their learning trajectory. For its realization there was a need for a person-tutor, ready to support and mentor students in learning and education. It is determined that due to the transition to European standards of education the Russian education system has undergone significant changes. At the head of the educational process is a student’s personality, ready for constant self-improvement and self-development. All that demonstrates a need to develop technologies of tutor support, including distance professional development in postgraduate education.