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The phenomenon of empathy: analytical review of linguistic research

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Darya S. Fedorova

Abstract. The purpose of the article is to analyze the domestic and foreign linguistic research on the problem of empathy. The research material consists of various scientific publications registered in the Russian Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU for the period from 1975 to 2025 which contained the lexical unit «empathy» in the titles, as well as publications of foreign linguists devoted to empethy. The author considers the correlation of studies focused on the phenomenon of empathy in various fields of science, on the ground of the statistical analysis of scientific papers metadata and the content analysis. The article substantiates the growing trend of empathy research in linguistics. Based on the frequency analysis of keywords, the specific features of linguistic research of this phenomenon are highlighted. The multiplicity of interpretations of the substantive aspect of the concept of “empathy” has been established. The levels and means of linguistic representation of the phenomenon of empathy which are of interest to modern researchers are noted and the potential of empathy research from the perspective of a discursive approach in linguistics is outlined. The language material of the studies under consideration is characterized. The article identifies possible gaps and points of contradiction in the key aspects of the analyzed scientific papers and outlines the prospects for further linguistic research on the phenomenon of empathy.

Keywords: empathy, linguistic research, communication, discourse, linguistic representation of empathy, language material.

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Fedorova Daria Sergeevna

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E–mail: fdswork@mail.ru

Place of study: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Irkutsk State University», Irkutsk, Russia

Status: post-graduate student of Department of Foreign Languages and Linguodidactics

Scientific major: cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, pragmalinguistics.

Important publications:

  1. Popova M. S. Collostructional analysis of the construction N1VN2 FROM GERUND in the contemporary English language / M. S. Popova, D. S. Fedorova // Kazan Science. – 2018. – № 4. – pp. 98-100.
  2. Fedorova D. S. Pragmatic potencial of mediator utterances / D. S. Fedorova // From Word to Discourse: Interaction of Forms and (not) Predictability of Meanings: conference proceedings. – Minsk: Minsk State Linguistic University, 2023. – pp. 244-245.

Application of artificial intelligence tools for automatic assessment of language skills

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Evgeniy E. Nikulin

Svetlana Yu. Bogdanova

Abstract. The article discusses the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools for the automatic assessment of written works of 10th–11th grade students. The relevance of the study is driven by the growing demand for the integration of digital tools into the educational process and the need to modernize approaches to assessing language skills. An experimental study conducted a comparative analysis of the effectiveness, accuracy, and objectivity of automated essay checking using AI and traditional expert assessment. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of AI in identifying grammatical and lexical errors, but significant discrepancies with expert assessment are noted in the criteria of text structure, logic, and style. Based on the analysis, recommendations are formulated for a hybrid assessment model that combines the technological capabilities of AI and pedagogical expertise.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, automatic assessment, language skills, essay evaluation, education digitalization, machine learning, the English language.

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Nikulin Evgenii Evgenievich

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E–mail: 79246212302@ya.ru

Place of study: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Irkutsk State University», Irkutsk, Russia

Status: Master’s student of the Department of Foreign Languages and Linguodidactics, Division of Humanities and Aesthetic Education

Scientific major: Foreign language teaching, teaching methodologies, innovative methods, ICT, Artificial Intelligence, automated assessment of school students’ work.

Important publications:

  1. Bogdanova S. Y. Artificial Intelligence in Language Skills Assessment: Opportunities and Limitations / S. Y. Bogdanova, E. E. Nikulin // Linguistics and Linguodidactics in the Light of Modern Scientific Paradigms: collection of scientific papers. – Irkutsk: Asprint Publ., 2025. – Vol. 8. – P. 203–301.

“Unity and diversity” or “uniformity without unity”: ethnic education in China from a social governance perspective

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Evgeny V. Kremnyov

Abstract. Abstract. The article analyzes the education system for ethnic minorities in the People’s Republic of China through the lens of the social governance concept. The central research problem is finding a balance between the policy of forming “The unity of the Chinese nation” and the constitutionally guaranteed rights of ethnic groups to preserve their linguistic and cultural diversity. The author traces the evolution of the PRC’s ethnic educational policy from 1949 to the present, highlighting a shift from the model dominant during the Mao era – which can be characterized by the Confucian concept of “uniformity without unity” (tong er bu he) – to the contemporary model of “unity in diversity” (he er bu tong).  Based on the theoretical framework of “vertical interaction”, a hybrid governance model is analyzed, in which the Party and the government as the subject retain hierarchical control but delegate some authority and the responsibility for preserving their identity to ethnic groups as the object. As a result, the ways of implementing the “unity and diversity” model within the four key strategies of modern ethnic education – multiculturalism, cultural transformation, ethnic identity, and social equality – have been identified and characterized.

Keywords: ethnic education, China, social governance, unity and diversity, uniformity without unity, Chinese nation, ethnic identity, bilingual education, vertical interaction.

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Developing scientific abstract writing skills at the english lessons at a non-linguistic uiversity

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Tatyana Yu. Portnova

Abstract. The paper deals with the issues of teaching non-linguistic specialty students to write abstracts for scientific papers as a component of academic writing skills. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among first- and third-year students showing their self-assessment of academic writing skills. The author proposes and validates a thesis that an abstract is one of the most effective means for forming academic writing skills. The paper contains recommendations for organizing work on writing an abstract, examples of training materials and methodological techniques used by the author at the English lessons at Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation, Irkutsk Branch (MSTU CA IB).

Key words: academic writing, writing skills, teaching problems, scientific paper, abstract.

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Assessment of actual signal/noise ratio values in radionavigation systems based on experimental data

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Alexey A. Shalaev

Abstract. One of the most important ways to improve aviation radio navigation systems is to increase the accuracy of aircraft position-fixing. Among the factors affecting the accuracy of radio navigation systems is the signal-to-noise ratio, the magnitude and dynamics of which are the subject of this work. The assessment of the signal-to-noise ratio will theoretically improve the accuracy of aircraft position-fixing by applying adaptive filtering algorithms. The article presents the results of theoretical studies of the signal-to-noise ratio and the factors influencing its absolute value. An experimental installation for monitoring signals from air navigation support facilities is presented. To assess the changes in the signal-to-noise ratio, the results of recording and studying the signal of the Doppler VHF omnidirectional radio range (DVOR) at Irkutsk International Airport and the daily log of the signal-to-noise ratio for various GNSS satellites are presented.

Key words: spectrum monitoring, radio intelligence, signal analyzing, interference detection, cognitive radio, radio monitoring.

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Pedagogical expertise of teacher activity in Russia: problems of formation and institutional development (1920–2020s)

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_

Dmitry. V. Fedotov

Abstract. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the formation and institutional development of pedagogical expertise in Russia (1920-2020s) as a key mechanism for assessing and regulating teachers’ professional competencies. The specific features of the formation of domestic expert practices are revealed; their interrelation with the socio-political and technological transformations of Russian society is substantiated; the cyclical nature of the problems of the institute of expertise in education (ideologization, formalization, crisis, standardization) is determined. The various innovative approaches for its improvement are being considered. The potential for the development of tools for measuring the effectiveness of pedagogical practice is shown through a multimodal system for evaluating pedagogical effectiveness; a digital ecosystem of expert communities; personalized professional growth trackers, etc. The materials of the article can be useful in developing new criteria for evaluating teachers, taking into account not only formal indicators (length of service, qualifications), but also pedagogical effectiveness, innovative methods.; to create algorithms to reduce the bureaucratic workload during evaluations; to develop educational programs for experts, including courses in pedagogical analytics, as well as to prevent systemic crises and predict risks. The conclusions of the study emphasize the uniqueness of the Russian experience of pedagogical expertise and the need to develop local solutions that take into account the specifics of the national education system.

Key words: pedagogical expertise, expert practice, teacher’s professional activity, professional effectiveness, assessment mechanisms, teacher evaluation criteria, evaluation system reform.

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Fedotov Dmitry Vladimirovich

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E–mail: dimfed03@mail.ru

Place of study: Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education «Irkutsk State University», Irkutsk, Russia

Status: master’s student of the Department of Pedagogy of the Department of Pedagogical, Social and Special Education of the Pedagogical Institute of ISU.

Scientific major:  professional activity of a teacher and its effectiveness; historical and pedagogical context and features of the reform of the teacher evaluation system; pedagogical expertise, transformation of its criteria and mechanisms. 

Important publications:

  1. Fedotov D. V. Formation and development of the phenomenon of pedagogical expertise in Russian education of the XX – early XXI century / D. V. Fedotov // Standards and monitoring in education. – 2023. – Vol. 11, № 2. – pp. 52-55.
  2. Podlinyaev O. L. Promotion of professional and personal growth of teachers by means of pedagogical expertise: a retrospective analysis of the problem / O. L. Podlinyaev, D. V. Fedotov // Development of education. – 2022. – Vol. 5, № 1. – pp. 25-29.

Detection of critical links in spatial-temporal routes based on complex networks

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DOI 10.51955/2312-1327_2025_3_131 

Grigory A. Gasparyan

Abstract: This paper presents an enhanced method for detecting critical edges in spatial-temporal route networks based on complex network analysis. Unlike previous models, the proposed approach accounts not only for the topological characteristics of routes but also for their dynamic variability through a composite weight that includes the average travel speed and its variance. Additional metrics, such as load centrality and robustness of connectivity, are introduced. Critical edges are automatically identified via percolation analysis, without the need for manual threshold adjustment. For criticality prediction, a gradient boosting model is employed, using a set of structural and temporal features. The proposed approach ensures more accurate, reproducible, and adaptive identification of vulnerable segments in route networks and can be applied in real time to support air traffic management.

Key words: air transportation, airway network, complex networks theory, spatial-temporal network, critical link detection, network centrality, percolation theory.

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