creexpCrede Experto: транспорт, общество, образование, языкCrede Experto: transport, society, education, language2312-1327Иркутский филиал ФГБОУ ВО «МГТУ ГА»10.51955/2312-1327_2023_3_45creexp-40Research ArticleИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫЕ АВИАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫСРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ МЕТОДОВ РАЗРАБОТКИ АВИАЦИОННЫХ АДАПТИВНЫХ СИСТЕМ И ОБОБЩЕННЫЙ МЕТОД MFTA/GDTA/CTA/CWACOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR DEVELOPING AVIATION ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS AND THE GENERALIZED MFTA/GDTA/CTA/CWA METHODhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4849-8878КоваленкоГ. В.KovalenkoG. V.

Геннадий Владимирович Коваленко, доктор технических наук, профессор

ул. Пилотов, д. 38 Санкт-Петербург, 196210

Gennadiy V. Kovalenko, Doctor of technical sciences, professor

38, street of Pilots Saint-Petersburg, 196210

kgvf@inbox.ruЯдров И. А.YadrovI. A.

Илья Александрович Ядров 

ул. Пилотов, д. 38 Санкт-Петербург, 196210

Ilya A. Yadrov

38, street of Pilots Saint-Petersburg, 196210

yadrov.ilya@gmail.comСанкт-Петербургский государственный университет гражданской авиации имени главного маршала авиации А.А. НовиковаРоссияSt. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after Air Chief Marshal A.A. NovikovRussian Federation202325112025034567Copyright © Коваленко Г.В., Ядров  И.А., 20252025Коваленко Г.В., Ядров  И.А.Kovalenko G.V., Yadrov I.A.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/40

Результаты внедрения автоматизированных технологий в различные области авиационно-транспортной системы свидетельствуют о положительном влиянии автоматики на уровень безопасности и эффективности полетов. Тем не менее, автоматизация различных процессов приводит к ситуации, когда возможности современной техники значительно превосходят ограниченные возможности человека-оператора: этот факт свидетельствует о необходимости применения направленного на обеспечение благоприятного взаимодействия с человеком подхода к созданию автоматизированных авиационных систем. Данная статья посвящена вопросам методологии в области создания авиационных адаптивных систем (АС): в работе проводится сравнительный анализ наиболее популярных аналитических методов разработки АС, а также предлагается обобщенный способ проведения анализа MFTA/GDTA/CTA/CWA, разработанный на основе применения методов расчленения, морфологического анализа и объединения. Предлагаемый обобщенный метод предполагает следующие этапы проведения: 1) анализ цели и задач; 2) анализ подзадач и требований по обеспечению ситуационной осведомленности; 3) когнитивный анализ. По результатам этапов создаются перечень основных задач системы, полная структурная схема разрабатываемой АС, а также схема когнитивного анализа, способствующая определению наиболее вероятных ошибок оператора для каждого критического этапа функционирования системы. Достоинства предлагаемого обобщенного метода анализа заключаются в том, что его проведение сосредоточено на обеспечении ситуационной осведомленности оператора, а также позволяет оценить риски, вызванные внешней средой функционирования системы, с целью определения оптимального уровня адаптации и способа поддержки членов экипажа ВС со стороны автоматики на каждом этапе их взаимодействия.

The results of implementing automated technologies in various areas of the air transportation system demonstrate a positive impact of automation on the level of safety and efficiency of flights. However, this leads to a situation where the capabilities of modern technology significantly exceed the limited capabilities of a human operator: this fact indicates the necessity of applying a special approach directed at ensuring favorable interaction with humans in creating automated aviation systems. The paper is devoted to the methodology issues in the field of creating aviation adaptive systems (AS) and provides a comparative analysis of the most popular analytical methods for AS development. Additionally, a generalized method for conducting the MFTA/GDTA/CTA/CWA analysis is proposed, which is developed based on the methods of dismemberment, morphological analysis, and combination. The proposed generalized method involves the following stages: 1) analysis of goals and tasks; 2) analysis of subtasks and requirements for ensuring situational awareness; 3) cognitive analysis. As a result of these stages, the list of the main tasks of the system, a complete structural scheme of the developed AS and a cognitive analysis scheme, which contributes to determining the most probable errors of the operator for each critical stage of system functioning, are created. The advantages of the proposed generalized method lie in the fact that its implementation focuses on ensuring the operator’s situational awareness, and allows for the evaluation of risks caused by the external environment of the system functioning in order to determine the optimal level of adaptation and the way to support the crew members of the aircraft by the automation at each stage of their interaction.

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