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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">creexp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Crede Experto: транспорт, общество, образование, язык</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1327</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Иркутский филиал ФГБОУ ВО «МГТУ ГА»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51955/2312-1327-2026-3-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">creexp-380</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АВИОНИКА, АВИАЦИОННЫЕ ЭЛЕКТРОСИСТЕМЫ, ПИЛОТАЖНО НАВИГАЦИОННЫЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ И МЕТОДЫ ИХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Avionics, aircraft electrical systems, aircraft navigation complexes and methods for their exploitation</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От «особых случаев» к системе минимального оборудования: история развития концепции основного перечня минимального оборудования в гражданской авиации СССР и России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From "special cases" to the minimum equipment system: the history of the development of the concept of the master minimum equipment list in civil aviation of the USSR and Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7557-9976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаталин</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shatalin</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шаталин Вячеслав Игоревич – старший преподаватель кафедры технической эксплуатации авиационных электросистем и пилотажно-навигационных комплексов</p><p>Кронштадтский б-р, д. 20, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viacheslav I. Shatalin, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Technical Operation of Aviation Electrical Systems and Flight Navigation Complexes</p><p>20 Kronshtadtsky Blvd, Moscow, 125493</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">v.shatalin@mstuca.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-7500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Сергей Викторович – доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой технической эксплуатации авиационных электросистем и пилотажно-навигационных комплексов</p><p>Кронштадтский б-р, д. 20, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Kuznetsov, Dr. Sci. (Technology), Professor, Head of the Department of Technical Operation of Aviation Electrical Systems and Flight Navigation Complexes</p><p>20 Kronshtadtsky Blvd, Moscow, 125493</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.kuznetsov@mstuca.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный технический университет гражданской авиации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State Technical University of Civil Aviation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаталин В.И., Кузнецов С.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаталин В.И., Кузнецов С.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shatalin V.I., Kuznetsov S.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/380">https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/380</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящей статье представлено первое в историографии комплексное историко-нормативное исследование, посвященное генезису и эволюции концепции Основного перечня минимального оборудования (ОПМО) в отечественной гражданской авиации (ГА). Цель исследования заключается в реконструкции процесса формирования национального эквивалента международной системы Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) и Minimum Equipment List (MEL) – ОПМО и Перечня минимального оборудования (ПМО). На основании критического анализа источников, включающих эксплуатационную документацию (Руководство по летной эксплуатации (РЛЭ)), нормативные акты (НИАС, НТЭВС, НТЭРАТ, НЛГС) и приказы регулирующих органов (ГУ ГВФ СССР, МГА СССР, Минтранс РФ), рассмотрены следующие этапы истории развития концепции ОПМО: этап прецедентного регулирования в 1960-е гг., этап интеграции международных стандартов и сертификации в 1970-е гг., этап гармонизации международных стандартов и создания ГОСТ ПМО в 1980-е гг. и этап трансформации и адаптации в условиях системного перехода в 1990-е гг. Результаты исследования демонстрируют последовательную эволюцию от внерегламентной процедуры «Особых случаев» к формированию кодифицированной и научно обоснованной нормативной системы поддержания летной годности, находящейся в состоянии интеграции с международными стандартами ИКАО. Особое внимание уделено ключевым типозависимым Перечням данной эволюции: первому ограниченному Перечню допустимых отказов и неисправностей Ил-14 (1963), первому ограниченному Перечню минимального оборудования Ил-86 (1980), первому расширенному Перечню допустимых отказов Ту-154М (1983) и первому полному Перечню минимального оборудования Ил-96-300 (1992). В рамках исследовательской программы следующая публикация будет посвящена анализу современных этапов развития ОПМО в Российской Федерации с начала 2000-х.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents the first comprehensive historical and regulatory study in historiography dedicated to the genesis and evolution of the Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) concept in domestic civil aviation. The objective of the study is to reconstruct the process of forming the national equivalent of the international Master Minimum Equipment List (MMEL) and Minimum Equipment List (MEL) systems – MMEL and MEL. Based on a critical analysis of sources, including operational documentation (Flight Crew Operational Manual (FCOM)), regulatory acts (Engineering Aviation Service Manual, Aircraft Technical Operation Manual, Aviation Equipment Technical Operation and Repair Manual, Airworthiness Standards of Civil Aircraft (ASCA) and orders of regulatory bodies (Main Administration of the Civil Air Fleet, Ministry of Civil Aviation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation), the following stages in the history of the MMEL concept development are considered: the stage of precedent regulation in the 1960s, the stage of integrating international standards and certification in the 1970s, the stage of harmonization of international standards and the creation of USSR State standard specification MEL in the 1980s and the stage of transformation and adaptation under the conditions of systemic transition in the 1990s. The research results demonstrate a consistent evolution from a non-standard "Special сases" procedure to the formation of a codified and scientifically based regulatory system of continued airworthiness integrating with international ICAO standards. Particular attention is paid to the key type-dependent Lists of this evolution: the first limited List of Permissible Failures and Malfunctions for the Il-14 (1963), the first limited Minimum Equipment List for the Il-86 (1980), the first extended List of Permissible Failures for the Tu-154M (1983) and the first complete Minimum Equipment List for the Il-96-300 (1992). As part of the research program, the next publication will be devoted to the analysis of the current stages of the MMEL development in the Russian Federation since the early 2000s.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>основной перечень минимального оборудования</kwd><kwd>перечень минимального оборудования</kwd><kwd>перечень допустимых отказов</kwd><kwd>особые случаи</kwd><kwd>система поддержания летной годности</kwd><kwd>ИКАО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>master minimum equipment list</kwd><kwd>minimum equipment list</kwd><kwd>permissible failures list</kwd><kwd>special cases</kwd><kwd>continuing airworthiness system</kwd><kwd>ICAO</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еникеев Р. В. 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