<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">creexp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Crede Experto: транспорт, общество, образование, язык</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1327</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Иркутский филиал ФГБОУ ВО «МГТУ ГА»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51955/2312-1327-2026-2-156</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">creexp-308</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ДИСКУРС, ДИСКУРСИВНЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ И ТЕКСТ: ВЕКТОРЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Модус отрицательной истинностной оценки в англоязычном политическом дискурсе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modus of negative truth value in English political discourse</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-699X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ивановна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>Tatiana I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры английской филологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Philology), Professor, Professor of the English Philology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tisemenova54@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-4526</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрнева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyurneva</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат филологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой английской филологии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. of Sci. (Philology), Associate Professor, Head of the English Philology Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tyurneva_tv@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный университет, ул. Карла Маркса, д. 1, Иркутск, 664003</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State University, 1, Karl Marx Street, Irkutsk, 664003</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>156</fpage><lpage>170</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Семенова Т.И., Тюрнева Т.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Семенова Т.И., Тюрнева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Semenova T.I., Tyurneva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/308">https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/308</self-uri><abstract><p>Включенность настоящего исследования в контекст научного осмысления интерпретирующей функции языка модусными категориями как форматами репрезентации знания обусловливает его актуальность. В статье устанавливается модусный статус категории отрицательной истинностной оценки как способа вторичной интерпретации знаний в языке. Объектом исследования выступают вторичные жанры политического дискурса, содержанием которых является истинностная оценка предшествующего дискурса политика. Обосновывается концептуальная основа исследуемой модусной категории как взаимодействие признаков «несоответствие содержания суждения действительности» и «отрицательная коммуникативная реакция опровержения». Описываются структура, содержание и интерпретативный потенциал модуса отрицательной истинностной оценки. Систематизируются средства выражения модусных значений отрицания истинности содержания первичного дискурса политика. Анализируется вариативность синтаксической позиции модуса недостоверности. Освещается взаимодействие истинностной и этической оценок в содержании модуса отрицательной истинностной оценки, что позволяет одновременно характеризовать ложность как свойство суждения и ложь как умышленное искажение истины в речевом действии. Рассматривается прагматический потенциал модуса отрицательной истинностной оценки в дискурсивной реализации политической власти</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the present study is determined by its inclusion in the scholarly inquiry into the interpretive function of language through modus categories as formats of knowledge representation. The article establishes the modus status of the category of negative truth value as a means of secondary interpretation of knowledge in the language. It reveals the conceptual basis of the modus category under study as the interaction of the features “discrepancy between the content of a judgment and reality” and “negative communicative reaction of refutation.” The paper describes the structure, content, and interpretive potential of the modus of negative truth value. The means of expressing modal meanings of denying the truth of the content of a politician's primary discourse are systematized. The variability of the syntactic position of the modus of negative truth value is analyzed. The study highlights the interaction of truth assessment and ethical evaluation in the content of the modus of negative truth value. It also examines the pragmatic potential of the modus of negative truth value in the discursive implementation of political power</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>истинность</kwd><kwd>ложность</kwd><kwd>истинностная оценка суждения</kwd><kwd>модусная категория</kwd><kwd>модус отрицательной истинностной оценки</kwd><kwd>первичная интерпретация</kwd><kwd>вторичная интерпретация</kwd><kwd>политический дискурс</kwd><kwd>дискурс реагирования</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>truthfulness</kwd><kwd>falsity</kwd><kwd>truth value of propositions</kwd><kwd>modus category</kwd><kwd>modus of negative truth value</kwd><kwd>primary interpretation</kwd><kwd>secondary interpretation</kwd><kwd>political discourse</kwd><kwd>discourse of response</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арендт Х. Ложь в политике: размышления о документах Пентагона // Политическая концептология. 2022. № 2. С. 183-203. DOI 10.18522/2218-5518.2022.1.183203. EDN UXAYFL.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arendt H. (2022). Lying in politics: Reflections on the Pentagon Papers. Political Conceptology. (2): 183-203. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнова Н. Д. Типы языковых значений: Оценка, событие, факт. М.: Наука, 1988. 341 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arutyunova N. D. (1988). Types of linguistic meanings: Evaluation, event, fact. Moscow: Science, 1988. 341 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Арутюнова Н. Д. Язык и мир человека. 2-е изд. М.: Языки русской культуры, 1999. 896 с. EDN YLAWAR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arutyunova N. D. (1999). Language and the human world. 2nd ed. Moscow: Languages of Russian Culture, 1999. 896 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байкова А. В. Лингвистические характеристики ложных высказываний (на материале американского политического дискурса) / А. В. Байкова, В. М. Бухаров // Филологические науки. Вопросы теории и практики. 2024. Т. 17, № 7. С. 2279-2285. DOI 10.30853/phil20240326. EDN KUQWAN.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhtin M. M. (1997). Collected works. Vol. 5. Works of the 1940s - early 1960s. Moscow: Russian Dictionaries, 1997. 731 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахтин М. М. Собрание сочинений. Т. 5. Работы 1940-х – начала 1960-х годов. М.: Русские словари, 1997. 731 с. EDN OHIOWJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baykova A. V., Bukharov V. M. (2024). Linguistic characteristics of false statements (based on the material of American political discourse). Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice. 17(7): 2279-2285. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Болдырев Н. Н. Язык и система знаний. Когнитивная теория языка. 2-е изд. М.: Издательский Дом ЯСК, 2019. 480 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boldyrev N. N. (2019). Language and the system of knowledge. Cognitive theory of language. 2nd ed. Moscow: YaSK Publishing House, 2019. 480 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гостева Ж. Е. Истина и политика в свете политологической филологии: к постановке проблемы // Вестник Поморского университета. Серия: Гуманитарные и социальные науки. 2010. № 4. С. 66-69. EDN MWPCML.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouvot K. (2019). The role of lying in politics. Ethics, Politics &amp; Society. (2): 177-203.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">ван Дейк Т. А. Дискурс и власть: Репрезентация доминирования в языке и коммуникации. М.: УРСС: Книжный дом «ЛИБРОКОМ», 2015. 352 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chabannaya A. G. (2024). “New sincerity” as an instrument of speech manipulation in Joe Biden's political speeches. Political Linguistics. 1(103): 106-114. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иссерс О. С. Грани «новой искренности» в современной политической коммуникации // Вестник Новосибирского государственного университета. Серия: История, филология. 2020. Т. 19, № 6. С. 216-227. DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-6-216-227. EDN CSZZSS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fairclough N. (2015). Language and power. London; New York: Routledge, 2015. 264 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">КСКТ – Краткий словарь когнитивных терминов / Е. С. Кубрякова, В. З. Демьянков, Ю. Г. Панкрац, Л. Г. Лузина; под общ. ред. Е. С. Кубряковой. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 1996. 245 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gosteva Zh. E. (2010). Truth and politics in the light of political philology: Toward formulating the problem. Bulletin of Pomor University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences. (4): 66-69. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Падучева Е. В. Семантические исследования. М.: Языки русской культуры, 1996. 464 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Issers O. S. (2020). Facets of the “new sincerity” in contemporary political communication. Bulletin of Novosibirsk State University. Series: History and Philology. 19(6): 216-227. DOI 10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-6-216-227 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Плахотная Ю. И. Прагматика лжи в политическом дискурсе // Политическая лингвистика. 2023. № 5 (101). С. 123-130. EDN YFRLGJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">KSKT - Brief dictionary of cognitive terms / E. S. Kubryakova, V. Z. Demyankov, Yu. G. Pankrats, L. G. Luzina; E. S. Kubryakova (ed.). Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 1996. 245 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Разлогова Е. Э. Логико-когнитивные и стилистические аспекты семантики модальных слов. М.: Изд-во МГУ, 2004. 199 с. EDN QREWRX.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyons J. (1995). Linguistic semantics: An introduction. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогозина И. В. Репрезентация «новой искренности» в американском политическом твиттер-дискурсе // Современное гуманитарное научное знание: мультидисциплинарный подход: материалы Международной научно-практической конференции, Барнаул, 25 июня 2021 г. Барнаул: Алтайский государственный технический университет им. И. И. Ползунова, 2021. С. 10-14. EDN SEIOPQ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paducheva E. V. (1996). Semantic studies. Moscow: Languages of Russian Culture, 1996. 464 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рогозина И. В. Англоязычный научный дискурс о двойственной природе политической лжи // Ползуновский альманах. 2022. № 3. С. 91-94. EDN MAQWYU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plakhotnaya Yu. I. (2023). Pragmatics of lies in political discourse. Political Linguistics. 5(101): 123-130. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трунова Н. В. Кривое зеркало англоязычного политического публицистического дискурса // Человек и время в языке и литературе: сборник научных трудов, посвященный юбилею доктора филологических наук, профессора кафедры английской филологии ИИЯ МГПУ Майи Геннадиевны Меркуловой. М.: Языки народов мира, 2025. С. 61-68. EDN OQGURV.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razlogova E. E. (2004). Logical-cognitive and stylistic aspects of the semantics of modal words. Moscow: Moscow State University Press, 2004. 199 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чабанная А. Г. «Новая искренность» как инструмент речевого манипулирования в политических речах Джо Байдена // Политическая лингвистика. 2024. № 1 (103). С. 106-114. EDN MERIEY.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogozina I. V. (2021). Representation of the “new sincerity” in American political Twitter discourse. In: Modern humanitarian scientific knowledge: Multidisciplinary approach: Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Barnaul, June 25, 2021. Barnaul: Polzunov Altai State Technical University, 2021. P. 10-14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шейгал Е. И. Семиотика политического дискурса: специальность 10.02.00 «Языкознание»: диссертация на соискание ученой степени доктора филологических наук / Е. И. Шейгал. Волгоград, 2000. 431 с. EDN NLROTZ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rogozina I. V. (2022). English-language scholarly discourse on the dual nature of political lies. Polzunov Almanac. (3): 91-94. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouvot K. The role of lying in politics // Ethics, Politics &amp; Society. 2019. № 2. P. 177-203.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sheigal E. I. (2000). Semiotics of political discourse: Doctor of Philology dissertation. Volgograd, 2000. 431 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fairclough N. Language and Power. London; New York: Routledge, 2015. 264 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trunova N. V. (2025). Crooked mirror of English-language political publicistic discourse. In: Human and time in language and literature: Collected papers dedicated to the anniversary of Professor Maya G. Merkulova. Moscow: Languages of the Peoples of the World, 2025. P. 61-68. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyons J. Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. 376 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Dijk T. A. (2015). Discourse and power: Representation of domination in language and communication. Moscow: URSS; LIBROKOM Book House, 2015. 352 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Biden-Trump debate. (2024). READ: Biden-Trump debate rush transcript. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/27/politics/read-biden-trump-debate-rush-transcript/index.html (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biden-Trump debate. (2024). READ: Biden-Trump debate rush transcript. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/27/politics/read-biden-trump-debate-rush-transcript/index.html (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clinton-Trump debate. (2016). Full transcript: Third 2016 presidential debate. Available at: https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-third-2016-presidential-debate-230063 (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinton-Trump debate. (2016). Full transcript: Third 2016 presidential debate. Available at: https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/full-transcript-third-2016-presidential-debate-230063 (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doan L. (2026). Trump repeats false or exaggerated claims about Greenland as he pushes for U.S. ownership. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-repeats-false-or-exaggerated-claims-about-greenland/ (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doan L. (2026). Trump repeats false or exaggerated claims about Greenland as he pushes for U.S. ownership. Available at: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trump-repeats-false-or-exaggerated-claims-about-greenland/ (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gedeon J. (2025). Elon Musk reportedly to step down from lead Trump role as service limit nears. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/02/elon-musk-trump-doge (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gedeon J. (2025). Elon Musk reportedly to step down from lead Trump role as service limit nears. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/apr/02/elon-musk-trump-doge (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gomez A., Martínez Rosas G. (2025). Trump pits immigrants against other working people. But we have a common enemy. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/feb/25/trump-pits-immigrants-against-other-working-people-but-we-have-a-common-enemy (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gomez A., Martínez Rosas G. (2025). Trump pits immigrants against other working people. But we have a common enemy. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/feb/25/trump-pits-immigrants-against-other-working-people-but-we-have-a-common-enemy (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jenkins S. (2025). He may talk rubbish but Trump has an eye for beauty, and that is a breath of fresh air. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/aug/01/donald-trump-beauty-wind-turbines-natural-landscape (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jenkins S. (2025). He may talk rubbish but Trump has an eye for beauty, and that is a breath of fresh air. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/aug/01/donald-trump-beauty-wind-turbines-natural-landscape (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reich R. (2021). The enemies of American democracy? Big lie, big anger and big money. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/dec/19/the-enemies-of-american-democracy-big-lie-big-anger-and-big-money (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reich R. (2021). The enemies of American democracy? Big lie, big anger and big money. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/dec/19/the-enemies-of-american-democracy-big-lie-big-anger-and-big-money (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roubini N. (2026). Trump is wrong: ‘woke’ policies aren’t the real threat to Europe. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/jan/01/trump-woke-policies-europe-economic-technological-decline (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roubini N. (2026). Trump is wrong: ‘woke’ policies aren’t the real threat to Europe. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/jan/01/trump-woke-policies-europe-economic-technological-decline (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith D. (2025). ‘We’re watching mass delusion happen’: Trump's return to White House brings cascade of lies. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/26/trump-white-house-lies-immigration-economy (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith D. (2025). ‘We’re watching mass delusion happen’: Trump's return to White House brings cascade of lies. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/26/trump-white-house-lies-immigration-economy (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sposato W. (2025). Trump Mistakenly Thinks Japan Is a Soft Target. Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/05/12/japan-trump-trade-tariffs-cars/ (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sposato W. (2025). Trump Mistakenly Thinks Japan Is a Soft Target. Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2025/05/12/japan-trump-trade-tariffs-cars/ (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tisdall S. (2026). What unites Greenland, Venezuela and Ukraine? Trump's immoral lies and Europe's chronic weakness. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jan/11/greenland-venezuela-ukraine-donald-trump-lies-europe (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tisdall S. (2026). What unites Greenland, Venezuela and Ukraine? Trump's immoral lies and Europe's chronic weakness. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/jan/11/greenland-venezuela-ukraine-donald-trump-lies-europe (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trump D. (2026). Transcript: President Trump Speaks with Maria Bartiromo on Fox Business, 1.22.26. Available at: https://www.democrats.senate.gov/newsroom/trump-transcripts/transcript-president-trump-speaks-with-maria-bartiromo-on-fox-business-12226 (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trump D. (2026). Transcript: President Trump Speaks with Maria Bartiromo on Fox Business, 1.22.26. Available at: https://www.democrats.senate.gov/newsroom/trump-transcripts/transcript-president-trump-speaks-with-maria-bartiromo-on-fox-business-12226 (accessed 06 April 2026).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
