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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">creexp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Crede Experto: транспорт, общество, образование, язык</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Crede Experto: transport, society, education, language</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2312-1327</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Иркутский филиал ФГБОУ ВО «МГТУ ГА»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51955/2312-1327_2025_4_77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">creexp-176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕГИОНОВЕДЕНИЕ И ВОСТОКОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Единство и многообразие» или «однообразие без единства»: образование для малых этносов в КНР через призму социального управления</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>"Unity and diversity" or "uniformity without unity": ethnic education in China from a social governance perspective</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-3772</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кремнёв</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kremnyov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Владимирович Кремнёв, кандидат социологических наук, доцентул. Александра Невского, 14 Калининград, 236041</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny V. Kremnyov, candidate of sociology, associate professor</p><p>14, A. Nevskogo st. Kaliningrad, 236041</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kremnyov2005@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кремнёв Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кремнёв Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kremnyov E.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/176">https://ce.if-mstuca.ru/jour/article/view/176</self-uri><abstract><p>Статья посвящена анализу системы образования для малых этносов в КНР через призму концепции социального управления. Центральной проблемой исследования является поиск баланса между политикой формирования «единства китайской нации» и конституционно закрепленными правами этносов на сохранение языкового и культурного многообразия. Автор прослеживает эволюцию этнической образовательной политики КНР с 1949 года по настоящее время, выделяя переход от доминировавшей в маоистский период модели, которая может быть охарактеризована через конфуцианскую концепцию «однообразия без единства» (тун эр бу хэ), к современной модели «единства и многообразия» (хэ эр бу тун). На основе теоретической рамки «вертикального взаимодействия» анализируется гибридная модель управления, при которой партия и правительство как субъект сохраняют иерархический контроль, но делегируют этносам как объекту часть полномочий и ответственность за сохранение их идентичности. В результате выявлены и охарактеризованы способы реализации модели «единства и многообразия» в рамках четырех ключевых стратегий современного образования для малых этносов: мультикультурности, культурной трансформации, этнической идентичности и социального равенства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article analyzes the education system for ethnic minorities in the People's Republic of China through the lens of the social governance concept. The central research problem is finding a balance between the policy of forming "The unity of the Chinese nation" and the constitutionally guaranteed rights of ethnic groups to preserve their linguistic and cultural diversity. The author traces the evolution of the PRC's ethnic educational policy from 1949 to the present, highlighting a shift from the model dominant during the Mao era – which can be characterized by the Confucian concept of "uniformity without unity" (tong er bu he) – to the contemporary model of "unity in diversity" (he er bu tong). Based on the theoretical framework of "vertical interaction", a hybrid governance model is analyzed, in which the Party and the government as the subject retain hierarchical control but delegate some authority and the responsibility for preserving their identity to ethnic groups as the object. As a result, the ways of implementing the "unity and diversity" model within the four key strategies of modern ethnic education – multiculturalism, cultural transformation, ethnic identity, and social equality – have been identified and characterized.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>образование для малых этносов</kwd><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>социальное управление</kwd><kwd>единство и многообразие</kwd><kwd>однообразие без единства</kwd><kwd>китайская нация</kwd><kwd>этническая идентичность</kwd><kwd>двуязычное образование</kwd><kwd>вертикальное взаимодействие</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ethnic education</kwd><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>social governance</kwd><kwd>unity and diversity</kwd><kwd>uniformity without unity</kwd><kwd>Chinese nation</kwd><kwd>ethnic identity</kwd><kwd>bilingual education</kwd><kwd>vertical interaction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда №25-28- 00601, https://rscf.ru/project/25-28-00601/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бляхер Л. 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